This course deals primarily with political transitions in the former Communist countries of central and Eastern Europe. It begins with an historical overview of the region, which has in this century witnessed authoritarian, fascist, Marxist-Leninist and democratic regimes, both indigenous and imposed. The course examines the efforts made since 1989 to transform these polities from command economies into market societies, and from single-party regimes into liberal-democratic states. It considers impediments to democracy, including the lack of minority rights, secessionist movements, religious traditionalism, and economic fragility. Seminar: Three hours a week. 07-09-2022-07-12-2022 Seminar Monday, Wednesday 03:00PM - 04:15PM, McDougall Hall, Room 227